Intense growth phase events of substorms
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Over the past few decades, several events of the intense growth phase preceding the expansion onset of substorms were reported. We reexamine these events using an extensive set of data, including ground‐based magnetograms at auroral latitudes, solar wind data from the Wind and IMP 8 satellites, and auroral UV images from the Polar and Viking satellites. Magnetograms show that the intense auroral electrojet is located in the early morning sector during these events. A common feature among the corresponding solar wind conditions for these events is the existence of a period of southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) preceded by a prolonged northward IMF. This intense growth phase, however, seems to be independent of the IMF By polarity. Enhanced auroras in the early morning sector appear during the growth phase. These auroras are consistent with relatively large geomagnetic disturbances during these events, indicating that enhanced conductances, combined with enhanced electric field caused by southward IMF, play an important role in the auroral electrojet during these intense growth‐phase events.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".