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Record W2040987091 · doi:10.5367/000000001101297919

International Boundaries and Tourism Strategies

2001· article· en· W2040987091 on OpenAlex
Nader Asgary, Alf H. Walle

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueTourism Economics · 2001
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPsychology
TopicGambling Behavior and Treatments
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsTourismEntertainmentCurrencyMarketingCompetition (biology)BusinessEconomicsEconomic geographyEconomyPolitical science

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Niagara Falls, an acclaimed natural wonder straddling two countries, provides a convenient means of juxtaposing different tourism strategies. Canada focuses on providing ‘activities’ and adult entertainment while the USA has historically provided opportunities to view nature and (to a lesser extent) to participate in family-oriented festivals. The opening of a Canadian gambling casino in the area, coupled with currency fluctuations, has significantly undercut the US tourism industry. Using an econometric model, strategies for reversing the tourism decline in the USA are discussed. By offering family-oriented festivals, the US tourism industry can gain a differential advantage, because the growth of casino gambling in Canada carries an increasingly ‘adult image’. Catering to gamblers is a ‘niching strategy’ in which other target markets tend to be discounted. By catering to under-served markets, the USA can avoid challenging the Canadians ‘on their own turf’ and, thereby, meet with minimal competition and risk when expanding its tourism industry.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.612
Threshold uncertainty score0.999

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.053
GPT teacher head0.341
Teacher spread0.288 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it