23‐GHz low‐noise amplifier using parallel feedback in 0.18‐μm CMOS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A three‐stage low‐noise amplifier (LNA) fabricated in a standard 0.18‐μm CMOS process (fT= 45 GHz) with a maximum gain of 18 dB at 23.2 GHz and a 5.8‐dB noise figure is presented. Parallel feedback between the gate and drain is used in all three stages. This configuration also provides much better linearity than other LNAs presented by resonating out the effect ofCgd. The amplifier has an output‐referred 3rd‐order intercept of 10 dBm, and a 3‐dB bandwidth of approximately 1 GHz. This paper demonstrates that parallel feedback is a viable technique for the design of 20+‐GHz CMOS LNAs. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 45: 309–312, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20806
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".