Direct Simulations of Incipient Erosion of Solid Particle Beds due to Shear Flow
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Direct numerical simulations of the shear flow over assemblies of uniformly sized solid spheres have been performed using the lattice-Boltzmann method. First non-moving spheres are considered; the random sphere assemblies comprise monolayers, double layers, and triple layers. Then situations with moving spheres were simulated, directly resolving granular bed erosion. The Reynolds numbers based on the sphere radius and the overall shear rates were smaller than one. For the fixed spheres the results were interpreted in terms of the drag force (the force in streamwise direction) and lift force (the force in wall-normal direction) experienced by the spheres as a function of the denseness of the bed and the depth of the spheres in the bed. For the moving spheres the onset of erosion as a function of the Shields number was studied, with results that were in accordance with experimental data.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".