Bibliographic record
Abstract
SUMMARYObjectives: This review discusses plasticity of excitatory synaptic transmission in the spinal dorsal horn and the role of this plasticity in contributing to the pathogenesis of pain hypersensitivity.Findings: In the dorsal horn pain transmission is mediated primarily through excitatory glutamatergic synapses. Glutamatergic synapses exhibit multiple forms of short-lasting and long-lasting forms of synaptic plasticity. The form of plasticity contributing to the persistent enhancement of pain transmission known as “central sensitization” is mechanistically similar to long-term potentiation in other regions of the central nervous system. This synaptic potentiation is produced by calcium entry through the N-methyl-D-aspartate subtype of glutamate receptor which initiates intracellular signalling cascades that ultimately cause an increase in the number and function of the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazoleproprionate/kainate subtypes of glutamate receptors.Conclusions: Central sensitization is an expression of synaptic plasticity at glutamatergic synapses in pain transmission neurons in the dorsal horn. The resultant enhancement of synaptic responses increases the gain in pain pathways and contributes in a significant manner to the pain hypersensitivity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".