<i>Map2k1</i>and<i>Map2k2</i>genes contribute to the normal development of syncytiotrophoblasts during placentation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The mammalian genome contains two ERK/MAP kinase kinase genes, Map2k1 and Map2k2, which encode dual-specificity kinases responsible for ERK/MAP kinase activation. In the mouse, loss of Map2k1 function causes embryonic lethality, whereas Map2k2 mutants survive with a normal lifespan, suggesting that Map2k1 masks the phenotype due to the Map2k2 mutation. To uncover the specific function of MAP2K2 and the threshold requirement of MAP2K proteins during embryo formation, we have successively ablated the Map2k gene functions. We report here that Map2k2 haploinsufficiency affects the normal development of placenta in the absence of one Map2k1 allele. Most Map2k1(+/-)Map2k2(+/-) embryos die during gestation because of placenta defects restricted to extra-embryonic tissues. The impaired viability of Map2k1(+/-)Map2k2(+/-) embryos can be rescued when the Map2k1 deletion is restricted to the embryonic tissues. The severity of the placenta phenotype is dependent on the number of Map2k mutant alleles, the deletion of the Map2k1 allele being more deleterious. Moreover, the deletion of one or both Map2k2 alleles in the context of one null Map2k1 allele leads to the formation of multinucleated trophoblast giant (MTG) cells. Genetic experiments indicate that these structures are derived from Gcm1-expressing syncytiotrophoblasts (SynT), which are affected in their ability to form the uniform SynT layer II lining the maternal sinuses. Thus, even though Map2k1 plays a predominant role, these results enlighten the function of Map2k2 in placenta development.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".