Impact of Hiv/Aids Morbidity on Households Economy in Malaysia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cost to mitigate HIV/AIDS outcomes and information on household socioeconomic impact in Malaysia are very limited, despite their importance to guide key policy decisions. This study aimed to identify the economic impact of chronic adult HIV morbidity, specifically to estimate cost of care from households’ perspective. Median out of pocket health expenditure per patient per year is RM1 080 representing 14.7% of patient’s median income. (Note 1) Productivity loss due to absenteeism and stoppage of works were RM 900 and RM10 800 respectively. The overall HIV/AIDS related cost from household economic perspective appeared to be substantial in this analysis. It reached RM RM359 million representing 0.06% of Malaysian GDP in 2007.An important policy implication is to ensure proper resource allocation to manage and control HIV/AIDS, more investment on training and to ensure that households can support themselves and meet their medical care needs without jeopardizing the wellbeing and future of other household members.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".