Isolation and Analysis of κ-Casein Glycomacropeptide from Goat Sweet Whey
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Glycomacropeptide (GMP) was purified from goat sweet whey by anion-exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. Approximately 0.06% (w/v) of sweet whey was recovered as GMP. Amino acid analysis of the GMP preparation showed that the content of phenylalanine (an amino acid that does not occur in goat GMP) was negligible, indicating that the GMP was of high purity. The goat GMP contained 25 microg sialic acid per mg of dry weight. This was approximately 3-fold lower than the sialic acid concentration in bovine GMP reported in the literature. Gel electrophoretic results demonstrated that most of the goat GMP occurs as a dimer. The GMP was intensely stained with Coomassie blue in 50% methanol containing 12.5% (w/v) trichloroacetic acid, but showed very weak metachromasia with the same dye in 45% methanol containing 10% acetic acid, a preparation commonly used to stain protein.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".