Turbidimetry for the stability evaluation of emulsions used in machining industry
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Emulsified fluids are used in many industrial and consumer areas, for instance as products in the food or health industry as well as technical fluids in the machining industry. Metalworking fluids (MWF) are used as coolants and lubricants in metalworking processes. During their usage MWF emulsions may change their physical and chemical properties, which influences their performance and decrease the physical stability and therefore their lifetime. This article discusses results of turbidimetric spectra measurement of MWF emulsions to be used for process control, MWF quality monitoring and formulation purposes. Therefore, laboratory experiments have been carried out investigating the physical stability. Metal working emulsions have been treated and destabilised by different concentrations of salts. The destabilisation process was monitored by undiluted turbidity measurements and evaluated by the temporal change of the wavelength exponent. Thus, it was possible to determine specific conditions, for example a specific critical salt concentration for maintaining, stability of the MWF formulations.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it