Is the integration of heard and seen speech mandatory for infants?
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
For adults and children, speech perception can be significantly influenced by watching a speaker's mouth movements. While recent reports suggest that infants may be able to integrate heard and seen speech, the current research demonstrates that integration is neither as strong or consistent in infants as it is in adults. Three habituation experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, female (but not male) infants showed evidence of an adult pattern of integration following habituation with an audiovisual /bi/ and testing with audio /bi/-visual /vi/ (perceived as /vi/ by adults). The interpretation of integration was supported, but only in part, by Experiment 2. In Experiment 3, infants were habituated to a mismatched audio /bi/-visual /vi/ combination and tested on concordant /bi/-/bi/ versus /vi/-/vi/ displays. Here, only male infants showed evidence of integration. These results suggest that an initial mechanism supports integration, but that integration is not mandatory for young infants.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it