Insertion and Removal of Protons in Single-Crystal Orthorhombic Molybdenum Trioxide under H<sub>2</sub>S/H<sub>2</sub>and O<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Using AFM/XRD/XPS methods, in this paper, we investigate protonation and deprotonation processes in single-crystal samples of orthorhombic molybdenum trioxide (α-MoO 3 ). At low temperatures, a small part of α-MoO 3 is changed to needlelike H x MoO 3 ( x ≈ 0.33) along 〈203〉 directions in a H 2 S/H 2 gas stream. When these elongated crystallites assemble into a maze structure, the growth of H x MoO 3 is gradually ceased due to closing entrance for hydrogen. At higher temperatures, the needlelike H x MoO 3 crystallites turn to a growth perpendicular to 〈203〉, which leads to the formation of H x MoO 3 blocks. It is observed that the basal plane of α-MoO 3 is severely buckled upon the protonation. Surface sulfidation is also observed. The formed H x MoO 3 or surface MoS 2, however, can be readily converted back to their original-phase α-MoO 3 in air at 350−400 °C. This oxidation process gives rise to a flattened (010) topography (i.e., debuckling) on which shallowly divided α-MoO 3 surface blocks bounded with {101} planes are formed. When an α-MoO 3 (010) plane embedded with nanocrystallites is used to create surface stress or nucleation sites, the insertion mode of hydrogen along 〈001〉 is further reconfirmed in this work. A correlation of surface/bulk phases upon various chemical reactions is addressed, and a model to summarize these changes is also proposed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".