Fluorescence quenching of Safranine T by inorganic anions in Tween micelles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The fluorescence quenching of the dye Safranine T by various inorganic anions such as [Fe(CN6)]3, [Fe(CN6)]4, I, Br, NO2, and N3 in aqueous solution and in nonionic micellar solutions of Tweens (Tween 20, Tween 40, and Tween 80) was studied. The SternVolmer quenching constants and quenching rate constants were evaluated. Compared to the quenching efficiency in aqueous media, that of the micellar media was found to be lower, except when iodide ion was used as a quencher. With the exception of the iodide ion, it has been established that collisional quenching plays a major role in the photophysical process. In the case of the iodide ion, both static and collisional quenching processes play a major role, owing to the complexation of iodide ion with Tween micelles. The SternVolmer quenching constants were found to be dependent on the ionic strength of the medium.Key words: fluorescence, static quenching, Tweens, SternVolmer constant, micellar media.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".