Multiwavelength erbium-doped fiber lasers with active coupling cavities
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Erbium-doped fiber (EDF) lasers with active coupling cavities have recently shown to enable the production of multiwavelength oscillations with various novel functions. This paper reviews the advances of such lasers. The lasers may be designed to produce multiwavelength oscillations in both C and L bands, either as a combined band or as two separate bands. In the C band, the laser can operate in a multiwavelength regime with controllable output powers and tunable wavelengths for any one individual lasing line. Wavelength-switching is also possible; switching responses of about 100 Hz are typical. In the L band, the laser exhibits multiwavelength bistable phenomena. The bistable hysterisis behaviors for a dual-wavelength laser evolve in antiphase with respect to each other. The width of the bistable region can be controlled; it could be designed to be as wide as a few hundred milliwatts. The two wavelengths can be switched from one to the other, with typical switching times of 4 to 15 ms. By suitably controlling the bistability, simultaneous multiwavelength oscillations in the L band alone, or in combination with the C band, can be obtained. A new wavelength-tuning and switching mechanism can be achieved by using such bistabilities. With this scheme, widely tunable and switchable lasers in fiber ring and linear configurations have been constructed with two commercially available tunable ordinary fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs). The lasers can be tuned over the whole L-band although the tunable range of each of the FBGs is only about 15 nm.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".