Ethnic Differences In Physical Activity In Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Purpose To extend the surveillance of physical activity in Canada to include prevalences by self-ascribed ethnicity. Methods Pooled data from cycles 1.1 (2000/01) and 2.1 (2003) of the cross-sectional Canadian Community Health Survey (ages 20–64 yrs; N=1 74,600) were used for this study. Weighted prevalences of self-reported leisure-time physical activity (≥3 kcal/kg/day (kkd); ≥6 kkd) were calculated, and unadjusted and adjusted (model 1: age; model 2: age, income and education) multiple logistic regression models were used to quantify the odds of being physically active (≥3 kkd; ≥6 kkd) across ethnic groups (White referent group). Results The rank order of prevalence of being physically active (> 3 kkd) by ethnicity was: Aboriginal (26%), White (23%), Other (23%), Black (19%), Latin American (19%), West Asian/ Arab (18%), South Asian (17%), East/Southeast Asian (17%). Only 5% of Canadian adults aged 20–64 yrs are active at ≥6 kkd. Aboriginal men and women had the highest prevalences of being physically active at ≥3 kkd (M=32%, F=22%). East/Southeast Asian (19%) and West Asian/Arab men (19%), and South Asian women (12%) had the lowest prevalences of being physically active at ≥3 kkd. Independent of age, household income and education, Aboriginal men were at elevated odds of being physically active compared to Whites (≥3 kkd, OR=1.5, p < 0.05; > 6 kkd, OR=2.6, p < 0.05) while South Asians, East/Southeast Asians, and West Asian/Arab men had significantly lower odds (≥3 kkd, OR=0.6–0.8, p < 0.05). South Asians, East/Southeast Asians, West Asian/Arab, and Black women were less likely to be active compared to Whites (≥3 kkd, OR=0.5–0.7, p < 0.05) after accounting for covariates. In general, living in a household with high income, having a post-secondary degree or higher, and being younger (20–34 yrs) increases the odds of being physically active. Controlling for age, income and education had only small effects on physical activity prevalences across ethnicities. Conclusion These results suggest that the prevalence of physically active Canadian adults varies by age, sex, education, income and ethnicity. Strategies to promote physical activity and prevent physical inactivity should consider these findings. Furthermore, results suggest the increased prevalence of overweight and obesity among Canadian Aboriginals may not be a result of physical inactivity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".