Fine‐scale structure of the extratropical tropopause region
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
A vertically high resolved climatology of the thermal and wind structure of the extratropical tropopause region is presented. The climatology is based on data from 80 U.S. radiosonde stations covering the period 1998–2002. Time averages for each radiosonde station are computed using the tropopause as a common reference level for all vertical profiles within the mean. A strong inversion at the tropopause in the mean vertical temperature gradient is uncovered; that is, temperature strongly increases with altitude within the lowermost stratosphere. This tropopause inversion layer exists on average throughout the investigated extratropics (about 30°N to 70°N). Accordingly, the static stability parameter shows considerably enhanced values within the lowermost extratropical stratosphere compared to typical extratropical stratospheric values further aloft. Conventional averages are not able to capture the tropopause inversion layer. Mean profiles of the horizontal wind show behavior qualitatively corresponding to thermal wind balance. Winter and summer exhibit distinctly different climate states in the extratropical tropopause region. An approximated potential vorticity is considered and found to be close to well mixed within the troposphere as well as within the tropopause inversion layer. This suggests the view of the tropopause inversion layer as representing a dynamically active atmospheric layer. Some potential implications are discussed.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it