A monolithic double-balanced direct conversion mixer with an integrated wideband passive balun
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents the design and performance characteristics of a 20-40 GHz monolithic double-balanced direct conversion mixer implemented using InGaP/GaAs HBT process. The compact MMIC mixer makes use of a Gilbert-cell multiplier and utilizes a broadband monolithic passive balun that has been developed for MMIC applications. The new balun makes use of multidielectric layer structure to achieve a broadband performance in a simple coplanar configuration. A measured return loss better than 15 dB, with a maximum insertion loss of 4.5 dB including the 3-dB power splitting loss has been achieved over the band from 15 to 45 GHz. Operated as a downconverter mixer, the newly developed direct conversion mixer achieves a measured conversion gain of 16 dB given an RF signal at 30 GHz, LO drive of 5 dBm and a downconverted baseband signal at 10 MHz. The mixer IP3 occurs at an output power of 4 dBm while the IP2 occurs at an output power of 11 dBm.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".