Activation of dendritic cells by the Gal‐lectin of <i>Entamoeba histolytica</i> drives Th1 responses <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Amebiasis is a human disease caused by the protozoan intestinal parasite Entamoeba histolytica. Vaccine development has focused on the parasite's surface galactose-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine inhibitable lectin (Gal-lectin) as a protective antigen. The Gal-lectin is immunogenic and has been shown to induce Th1 cytokines in vitro and in vivo. The immunological basis of the protective immune response elicited by the Gal-lectin is unknown. In this study, we investigated the response of BALB/c bone marrow-derived DC to E. histolytica Gal-lectin. Incubation of immature DC with Gal-lectin resulted in activation and maturation after 24 h. FACS analysis demonstrated an up-regulation of DC maturation markers CD80, CD86, CD40 and MHC class II upon exposure to Gal-lectin. The Gal-lectin also induced DC production of IL-12, indicating a Th1 response. Gal-lectin-activated DC were able to stimulate T cell proliferation in an allogeneic mixed leukocyte reaction and adoptive transfer of Gal-lectin-treated DC into naïve mice resulted in IFN-gamma-producing Gal-lectin-sensitized T cells. The activation of DC by Gal-lectin was mediated by MAPK and NF-kappaB. These findings indicate that E. histolytica Gal-lectin is a potent vaccine antigen capable of directly initiating DC maturation and activation characterized by Th1 cytokine production.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".