Pattern of summation with fatigue and inhibition of calcium release in rat muscle
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Fatigue disrupts muscle force summation and is associated with a decrease in cytoplasmic Ca(2+) concentration. The purpose of this study was to compare summation during fatigue and recovery with summation during dantrolene-induced inhibition of Ca(2+) release. METHODS: Rat medial gastrocnemius muscles were evaluated before and after fatigue, or during exposure to dantrolene. Summation was quantified by the ratio of the force transient associated with the final activation in a train of stimuli (Twf), obtained by subtraction of the force with one less stimulus, and the force of the twitch (Tw). RESULTS: This ratio (Twf/Tw) decreased from 2.46 ± 0.11 (mean ± SEM) to 0.8 ± 0.1 during intermittent contractions, but was still significantly different from non-fatigued muscle after 10 min of recovery. Dantrolene altered summation, as Twf/Tw was 1.7 ± 0.2 and 1.27 ± 0.15 at a low dose and a high dose, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Inhibition of Ca(2+) release alters summation, but repetitive stimulation leading to fatigue changes it more substantially.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".