High efficiency two-stage GaN power amplifier with improved linearity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a systematic approach to designing a highly efficient two-stage power amplifier (PA) with improved linearity. Investigation into the sources of nonlinearity in gallium nitride (GaN) high electron mobility transistors (HEMT) has been essential prior to the development of the two-stage PA design with improved linearity. A prototype was designed and fabricated using 45W and 6W packaged CREE transistors as the main and driver stages respectively. A peak efficiency of about 70% was obtained, using a continuous wave stimulus, over a bandwidth of 200MHz. When driven with a 20MHz WCDMA signal, at 800MHz, an adjacent channel leakage power ratio (ACLR) of 46dBc and an error vector magnitude (EVM) of about 1.5% were recorded at a peak output power of 39dBm without the use of digital pre-distortion (DPD). These results represent an improvement of about 10dB in ACLR and 2% in EVM for the two-stage PA using nonlinear driver as compare to those obtained using a linear driver.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".