Bibliographic record
Abstract
Star counts obtained from a 2° × 2° area centered on NGC 6822 have revealed an optical image of this galaxy composed of two components: in addition to the well-known H I disk with its young stellar component, there is a spheroidal stellar structure as extensive as its H I disk, but with its major axis at roughly right angles to it, that we traced to at least 36'. Radial velocities of over 100 intermediate-age carbon stars found within this structure display kinematics contrasting strongly with those of the H I disk. These C stars belong to the spheroid. Although devoid of gas, the spheroid rotation is consistent with the I -band Tully-Fisher relation. The orientation of the rotation axis that minimizes the stellar velocity dispersion coincides with the minor axis of the stellar population ellipsoid, lying very nearly in the plane of the H I disk. We conclude that the H I disk is a polar ring and that the spheroidal component is an erstwhile disk, a fossil remainder of a past close encounter episode.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".