Bibliographic record
Abstract
An integrated sensor method is used to measure interfacial temperature profiles with an ultrasonic friction test process. The profiles are compared to numerical results obtained by a transient thermal 2D axisymmetric finite elements (FE) analysis. In the experiments, the 50 $m diameter gold balls used in wire bonding are deformed by the capillary tool during impacting on the flat surface of a silicon chip (contact zone). The deformed balls then are pressed onto the SiO2 layer on the chip and vibrated with various amplitudes of 128 kHz ultrasonics. The 52 $m diameter contact zone is surrounded in 14 $m distance by a 50 aluminum resistor which is used as a resistive temperature detector. Temperature increases of typically 0.18 K and up to 0.3 K are measured by the sensor close to the heat source at the contact zone, corresponding to 3.1 K and 5.2 K at the interface as suggested by the FE model. With typical bonding parameters, the contact zone friction power is determined to be 4.4 mW which is less than 2 % of the electrical energy delivered to the used ultrasonic transducer type.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".