Novel Thymine-Functionalized Polystyrenes for Applications in Biotechnology. Polymer Synthesis and Characterization
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Novel polystyrenes (PS) carrying thymine functional groups were synthesized by copolymerizing styrene (St) and 1-(vinylbenzyl)thymine (1-VBT) in the presence and absence of divinylbenzene (DVB) in batch free radical emulsion polymerization. Microsphere latexes were obtained with an average particle size of ≈60 nm (3.0 and 5.0 wt % [VBT] 0 ) with ≈80% conversion and ≈38 nm (10 wt % [VBT] 0 ) with 91% conversion. The final copolymer latexes were freeze-dried to obtain particles in the size range of 32−544 μm. Copolymer compositions were determined by FTIR-DRIFT, 1 H NMR, and elemental analysis and were found to be close to the composition of the monomer charges. XPS analysis revealed that VBT concentration on the surface of the particles was much higher (17, 24, and 36 wt %) than in the bulk. Phenol was selected as a model compound to examine adsorption onto the thymine functional groups. Hydrogen bonding between the phenolic hydroxyl group and the thymine units of soluble polymers was evidenced by 1 H NMR and FTIR spectroscopy. Adsorption isotherms obtained with all samples showed a good fit with Langmuir's model, supporting evidence for a monolayer chemisorption model in the heterogeneous adsorbent−phenol/hexane system investigated. 89.4% of the phenol was desorbed by adding Borax buffer solution of pH ≥ 10 to the adsorbent−phenol/hexane system. These novel copolymers have potential in biotechnology.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".