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Record W2042698505 · doi:10.3366/scot.2004.0026

The Financial Crisis in Scottish Football

2004· article· en· W2042698505 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueScottish Affairs · 2004
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicSport and Mega-Event Impacts
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsClubLeagueFootballStadiumAttendanceDebtFinancial crisisCompetition (biology)BusinessQuarter (Canadian coin)Football clubFinancePolitical scienceEconomicsHistoryEconomic growthLaw

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

First paragraph: Individual clubs in Scotland have experienced financial crises on several occasions in the past. But to many observers what we are witnessing at present is a systemic crisis in Scottish football: a common set of problems afflicting all clubs with negative financial implications for all, the crisis in one club or group of clubs threatening to damage the financial stability of other clubs (Rimini Group 2004). As of March 2004 a quarter of Scottish Premier League (SPL) clubs are in administration. The playing staff at another SPL club were obliged to accept substantial pay cuts to avoid the same fate, while the board of another club is seeking to sell its stadium to meet its debts, moving its home matches (average attendance 12,521) to Murrayfield Stadium (capacity 67,500). The combined debt of the twelve SPL clubs is estimated at £190m, some £30-40m higher than the clubs' combined turnover; in the last three seasons only one SPL club has reported a pre-tax profit. The annual turnover of two clubs (the Old Firm of Celtic and Rangers) equates to about 70% of the total turnover of the SPL. Unsurprisingly this dominance is also apparent on the field: no club outside the Old Firm has won the title since 1984/85. Yet, if any SPL club is in administration on 31st May 2004, it will begin season 2004/05 with a tenpoint deduction. Thus any semblance of genuine sporting competition is further threatened by the very real prospect of a quarter of the SPL beginning next season 10 points adrift from other clubs. To those not familiar with the business of Scottish football these facts may be quite extraordinary. The explanations of how Scottish football ended up in this situation are perhaps no less so.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.744
Threshold uncertainty score0.998

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.015
GPT teacher head0.283
Teacher spread0.268 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it