Degradation of solvolysis lignin using Lewis acid catalysts
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Alcell‐derived lignin was depolymerized in a batch reactor using the Lewis acid catalysts NiCl2 and FeCl3. The objective was to investigate the use of Lewis acids in the production of useful liquid products directly from solvolysis lignin. The effects of reaction temperature, time and catalyst were studied on the conversion of this lignin to gas, solid and liquid products. Also, selected monomeric compounds in the ether solubles were monitored in terms of the variation in their yields with different reaction conditions. The highest conversions, 30% and 26% from Ni and Fe, respectively, were both attained at the reaction conditions of 305°C and 1 h reaction time. The Ni produced a somewhat higher yield of ether solubles, reflecting its slightly higher performance. Under the reaction conditions studied, both catalysts apparently favour condensation reactions leading to the formation of insoluble reactor residue from solvolysis lignin. Low quantities of monomeric compounds were produced, with phenols dominating over ketones and aldehydes for both catalysts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".