Light-Mediated C−C σ-Bond Driven Crystallization of a Phenalenyl Radical Dimer
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Polymorphism-the phenomenon that a given compound forms more than one crystalline arrangement of the molecules in the solid state- plays a crucial role in understanding organic conductors, superconductors, and magnets. We have found that solutions of a new phenalenyl radical can give rise to two (nonpolymorphic) crystalline forms depending on whether the crystallization is allowed to proceed in the presence or absence of light. In both cases the crystals take the form of black shining blades and are indistinguishable by optical microscopy. We have fully characterized these crystalline forms, and we show that they differ by the presence or absence of a C-C sigma-bond between the unpaired electrons of the parent radical. These molecular forms crystallize from the same solvent to give rise to a sigma-dimerized insulator and a monomeric radical semiconductor as dictated by the presence or absence of light.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it