Observation of dynamic coupling between the<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Q</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Q</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>charge-density waves in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">NbSe</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We report synchrotron based high-resolution x-ray scattering and in situ electronic transport measurements of the ${Q}_{1}$ and ${Q}_{2}$ charge-density waves (CDW's) in ${\mathrm{NbSe}}_{3}$ as a function of applied electric field in the low-temperature ``switching'' regime. Detailed analysis of the line shape of the x-ray satellite peaks demonstrates that the ${Q}_{2}$ CDW changes state when it depins at ${E}_{T}$ but does not exhibit any abrupt structural change at ${E}_{T}^{*},$ where the collective CDW current abruptly increases. In contrast, the ${Q}_{1}$ CDW does not exhibit structural changes at ${E}_{T}$ but abruptly changes state at ${E}_{T}^{*}$ to a structure very similar to the structure of the sliding ${Q}_{1}$ at high temperatures. These data demonstrate coupling between the ${Q}_{2}$ and ${Q}_{1}$ CDW's.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.010 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.004 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.008 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.010 | 0.010 |
| Research integrity | 0.009 | 0.008 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.843 | 0.012 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".