Laboratory-Prepared Iron Oxide Coatings on Coarse-Grained Soils as Residual Soil Simulants
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Iron oxide coatings are present in soils as a result of chemical and physical weathering. However, unlike some fabric cements, e.g., calcium carbonate, iron oxide coatings occur through chemical, not physical, bonding between particles. The objectives of this research are to describe the laboratory preparation of chemically-bonded hematite coated sands which can be used for geotechnical studies, and to present index characterization results of these materials. Ottawa sands were coated with hematite via a heterogeneous suspension reaction under controlled pH and ionic strength. The presence of adsorbed hematite on the sand surface was demonstrated by XRD patterns and SEM images. Results show that hematite coatings on sands increase specific gravity, decrease hydraulic conductivity, decrease limiting void ratios, and provide the sands with a hydrophilic character, with no particle shape change. These results suggest that laboratory-prepared hematite coated sands are good simulants of the coarse fraction of oxisols, ultisols, and ferricretes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".