Geotechnical characteristics of large slow, very slow, and extremely slow landslides
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Based on a study of 45 large slow-moving landslides, it is apparent that for a landslide to travel slowly after failure, the sliding is most likely to be active or reactivated, on a basal rupture surface at or close to residual strength. The likelihood of slow movement after failure is also increased when the inclination of the basal rupture surface is less than the residual friction angle. The slow-moving landslides are all of low rock-mass strength with varying degrees of disaggregation, or they possess soil strength. The influence of lateral margins on landslide restraint is generally small, with landslide movement typically controlled by fluctuations in piezometric pressure. The most commonly observed slow large landslides are mudslides and translational debris–rock slides, followed by particular forms of translational rock slides and internally sheared compound slides. Some mudslides display evidence of short periods of up to moderate velocities.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".