Interaction of ions and ion clusters with a disordered electron gas: Collective and single-particle excitations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, we report results on our theoretical studies of stopping power contributions from single-particle and plasmon excitations. We have introduced an equipartition ratio defined as the ratio of stopping contributions from plasmon and single-particle excitations, respectively. Within the linear response theory we have made a comprehensive investigation of this equipartition ratio for fast pointlike and extended projectile ions in a disordered electron gas; the latter is modeled by a degenerate electron gas of metallic densities and with disorder being incorporated within a relaxation-time approximation. As simple but useful examples of pointlike and extended projectiles we have considered proton and He+ ion, as well as diproton and He+ ion clusters. We present detailed and comparative results for the equipartition ratio corresponding to several values of the damping parameter which characterizes disorder in our model. The results are also compared, wherever applicable, with those for individual, i.e., uncorrelated projectiles.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".