Fiber-Optic Detection of Explosives Using Readily Available Fluorescent Polymers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A series of simple fluorescent polymers were readily synthesized by palladium-catalyzed Suzuki coupling reactions of dibromoterephthalates containing the small methyl and large cholesteryl esters with bisboronic esters derived from alkylated fluorene and N -hexyldiphenylamine. The polymers had an inherent viscosity ranging from 0.25 to 0.74 dL/g and were characterized by spectroscopic methods. The glass transition temperatures for these polymers ranged from 90 to 104 °C, and the decomposition temperatures were in a range of 291−435 °C in nitrogen. All the polymers emit around 450−530 nm with the absolute fluorescence quantum efficiencies up to 61%. The polymers were tested for detection of the vapor of explosive analyte (2,4-dinitrotoluene) as a thin film coated on glass substrate and on optic-fiber tips. Explosive detection using the polymer-coated optic-fiber probe has been demonstrated to be fast and sensitive, with the fluorescence quenching efficiency reaching 48% within 25 s or 61% within the first minute.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".