Surface effects on the electromechanical coupling and bending behaviours of piezoelectric nanowires
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this work, surface effects, including surface elasticity, residual surface stress and surface piezoelectricity, are considered to study the electromechanical coupling (EMC) behaviour of piezoelectric nanowires (NWs) with the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. Using the surface-layer-based model, explicit formula for EMC coefficient is derived. It is clearly observed that this coefficient is size-dependent and can be strongly enhanced when the geometric dimensions of NWs scale down. The static bending of a cantilever piezoelectric NW is also studied. The surface effects are found to significantly influence the stiffness and electric field distribution in the NW. The results indicate that surface effects play a significant role in the EMC and bending behaviours of piezoelectric nanobeam. This work is very helpful for understanding the size-dependent properties of nanostructured piezoelectric materials and improving the performance of the piezoelectric nanobeam-based devices in energy harvesting.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".