Mixing of anthropogenic pollution with stratospheric ozone: A case study from the North Atlantic wintertime troposphere
Bibliographic record
Abstract
As part of the North Atlantic Regional Experiment (NARE), instrumentation for the measurement of O3 and CO was included on research flights conducted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration WP‐3D Orion aircraft from St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada, and Keflavik, Iceland, from February 2 to 25, 1999. These flights sampled the lower troposphere over the western North Atlantic Ocean. One significant feature observed during these flights was the close proximity of air masses with contrasting source signatures: high levels of anthropogenic pollution immediately adjacent to elevated O3 of stratospheric origin. Here we present a case study showing the most pronounced example of this proximity, which was associated with a frontal passage across North America and out into the North Atlantic region. Trajectory analyses and satellite imagery are used to investigate the transport mechanisms that create the interleaving of air masses from the different sources. One important chemical feature was noted: in air masses with differing amounts of anthropogenic pollution admixed, O3 was negatively correlated with CO, which indicates that emissions from surface anthropogenic sources had reduced O3 in this wintertime period, even in air masses transported into the free troposphere.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".