An evolution of the historical origins of hypnotism prior to the twentieth century: between spirituality and subconscious
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract While today hypnosis is widely used as an adjunct for many therapeutic purposes, clinical as well as psychological, an embarrassing historical heritage of somewhat esoteric practices has prevented it from becoming mainstream in the fields of medicine and psychology. Today, hypnosis has been scientifically validated as a valuable adjunctive therapy. However, hypnosis has a long history, having passed through three main historical phases and currents of thinking: the ancient religiously based doctrine of the Egyptians and the Greeks as well as the medieval Christian superstitious beliefs that later gave birth to ‘spiritualism’; Mesmer's ‘fluidism’ founded on physics and nature; and finally the psychologically based ‘suggestionism’, as a premise to the study of the subconscious mind. In this study, I provide a synthesis of the history of magnetism and hypnotism. Copyright © 2007 British Society of Experimental & Clinical Hypnosis. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".