Predictors of willingness to undergo elective musculoskeletal surgery
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: Knowledge of what influences patients' willingness to undergo elective orthopedic surgery is vital to the patient shared decision-making process. We sought to document the prevalence and identify the predictors of unwillingness to undergo surgery among a cohort of hip/knee, foot/ankle, neck/back, and hip/knee patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patient demographics and information on patient health status, perceptions of risk and success of surgery, and willingness to undergo surgery were collected. Sequential logistic regression models were used to investigate the influence of the captured variables on willingness to undergo surgery. RESULTS: Overall, 392 (20%) of 1946 participants reported being unwilling to undergo or unsure about undergoing ("unwilling/unsure") surgery if it was offered to them. From adjusted analyses, low income and non-White ethnicity were associated with a greater likelihood of being unwilling/unsure. Compared with hip/knee patients, neck/back patients were more likely to report being unwilling/unsure (odds ratio: 1.90 [95% confidence interval: 1.36, 265]); no differences were found between the remaining anatomical groups. However, when perceptions of risk and success were additionally considered, the influence for the neck/back cohort was significantly attenuated. Foot/ankle and elbow/shoulder patients were found to be significantly less likely to report unwillingness when perceptions were considered. CONCLUSION: In addition to demographic/economic influences, perceptions of surgical risk and success play a critical role in patients' willingness to undergo surgery.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".