From Favourites to ‘With No Return’: Permanence and Mobility of Latin American Immigration in Spain during the 21st Century
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article aims, on the one hand, to analyse the motives for the rise of Latin American immigration to Spain during the period 2000-2013 and, on the other hand, to explain the reasons why this group stays in that country despite the intensity of its economic crisis and the mass destruction of employment. It is argued that both the decision to remain in Spain and that of relocating are influenced not only by the economic cycle but also by the degree of integration achieved by this group, as well as by other factors in connection with the context of their countries of origin. Cet article a pour but, d’analyser d’abord les raisons qui sous-tendent la montée de l’immigration latino-américaine vers l’Espagne durant la période 2000-2013 et, ensuite d’expliquer pourquoi ce groupe persiste à rester dans ce pays malgré l’intensité de la crise économique et la destruction massive de l’emploi. Il démontre qu’autant les raisons de rester en Espagne que celles de se délocaliser, sont influencées, non seulement par le cycle économique, mais aussi le degré d’intégration accomplie par ce groupe, ainsi que par d’autres facteurs en rapport avec le contexte de leur pays d’origine.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".