Low Design Temperatures of Asphalt Pavements in Dry–Freeze Regions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper proposes three mathematical models that use solar radiation theory, transient heat transfer theory, and the finite element method to compute daily solar radiation, determine a thermal-penetration depth as a boundary condition, and eventually estimate pavement temperatures. The objective of this paper is to predict low design temperatures of asphalt pavements in dry–freeze regions. These step-by-step numerical analysis efforts provide pavement engineers and researchers with a method for prediction of low design temperatures of asphalt pavements. Daily solar radiation is calculated as input for determination of the thermal-penetration depth in a semi-infinite asphalt pavement system. Through use of the determined thermal-penetration depth as the prescribed temperature in the process of finite element analysis, the pavement temperature profile, including surface temperatures, can be better calculated. The finite element analysis results are verified with the SHRP, Canadian SHRP, and Superpave ® models and are validated with three sets of temperature data exported from the Long-Term Pavement Performance program in southern Utah. Comparison results present close agreement with the three predicted models and field temperatures with reasonable accuracy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".