Packed-column supercritical fluid chromatography with splitless flame ionization detection
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The design and characterization of a flame ionization detector (FID) that is compatible with the high flow rates of packed-column supercritical fluid chromatography (pSFC) is presented. The modified FID uses a large quartz burner (4.0 mm i.d.) in place of the conventional burner (0.4 mm i.d.) and operates a stable flame in the presence of gas flows tested up to nearly 3000 mL/min. This modification allows the full flow of effluent from a pSFC column (i.e., splitless mode) to be directed into the FID. Results demonstrate that the modified FID yields response that is within a factor of 3 to that of a commercial FID. The attributes of the modified detector indicate that this approach could be a reliable and relatively simple means of achieving a splitless pSFC-FID system.Key words: supercritical fluid chromatography, packed column, splitless, flame ionization detector.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".