NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF THERMOHALINE CONVECTION: IMPLICATIONS FOR EXTRA-MIXING IN LOW-MASS RGB STARS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Low-mass stars are known to experience extra-mixing in their radiative zones on the red giant branch (RGB) above the bump luminosity. To determine if the salt-fingering transport of chemical composition driven by 3 He burning is efficient enough to produce RGB extra-mixing, two-dimensional numerical simulations of thermohaline convection for physical conditions corresponding to the RGB case have been carried out. We have found that the effective ratio of a salt finger's length to its diameter a eff ≲ 0.5 is more than 10 times smaller than the value needed to reproduce observations ( a obs ≳ 7). On the other hand, using the thermohaline diffusion coefficient from linear stability analysis together with a = a obs is able to describe the RGB extra-mixing at all metallicities so well that it is tempting to believe that it may represent the true mechanism. In view of these results, follow-up three-dimensional numerical simulations of thermohaline convection for the RGB case are clearly needed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".