Éstimations résiduelles de l’émigration internationale selon la langue maternelle, Québec, 1971-1976
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Le recensement du Canada est soumis principalement à des erreurs de dénombrement et de déclaration. Ces erreurs interviennent de façon importante lors de l’estimation de l’émigration internationale par des méthodes résiduelles, plus particulièrement dans le cas d’estimations selon le groupe linguistique. Pour la période 1971-1976, les auteurs obtiennent une estimation négative du nombre d’emigrants anglophones du Québec. Dans ce cas, les erreurs qui accompagnent l’effectif d’émigrants sont au moins équivalentes sinon supérieures au résidu négatif. Suite à l’examen des problêmes liés aux données du recensement qui entraînent ces erreurs, certaines corrections sont présentées concernant le sous-dénombrement, les déclarations multiples et les changements de déclaration de langue maternelle. Les auteurs terminent en s’interrogeant sur la pertinence de ces corrections.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.015 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".