Deicer Salt Scaling Resistance of Concrete Containing Manufactured Sands
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Manufactured sands are produced by crushing rock deposits to produce a fine aggregate which is generally more angular and has a rougher surface texture than naturally weathered sand particles. Manufactured sands can also contain significant quantities of rock dust. As natural sand deposits become depleted near some areas of metropolitan growth, the use of manufactured sands as a replacement fine aggregate in concrete is receiving attention. Designers, specifiers, contractors, and material suppliers need to understand the effects of manufactured sand particle shape characteristics and angularity as well as fines content on concrete water demand and concrete durability, including the effects of interrelationships between manufactured sand characteristics. As part of a comprehensive research program, manufactured sand properties and their effects on fresh concrete properties, mechanical properties and concrete durability were investigated. Concrete containing commercially available manufactured sands with a wide range of particle angularities and fines contents were included in the laboratory testing program on deicer salt scaling. Angularity of particles and quantity of fines were found to contribute to salt scaling.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".