Spallation of <sup>32</sup>S ions at ultra-relativistic energies in nuclear emulsion
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Partial production cross sections of electromagnetic breakup of 32S projectiles at two widely differing energies were measured using an emulsion target. The electromagnetic dissociation represents about 6% and 17% of the total number of nuclear events at Elab/A = 3.7 and 200 GeV, respectively. The experimental electromagnetic cross sections σexpEMD show an energy dependence that is well reproduced by the WeizsackerWilliams approximation. The value of σexpEMD at 200A GeV (with γ >> 1) shows a good agreement with that predicted by the combined model of Pshenichnov et al. Examination of the reactions (γ, p) and (γ, He) reveals that the ratio of 1 p/1 He cross sections is close to unity at Dubna energy (3.7A GeV), while it rapidly increases to 3.0 ± 0.6 at CERN energy (200A GeV). In most of the observed dissociation modes, the total kinetic energy of the fragments in the projectile rest frame is lower than 50 MeV. Nevertheless, it is possible that the contribution of excitation modes of the different multipolarities is determining in this region. PACS No.: 25.70
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".