Kinetics and Mechanisms of the Sphere-to-Rod and Rod-to-Sphere Transitions in the Ternary System PS<sub>310</sub>-<i>b</i>-PAA<sub>52</sub>/Dioxane/Water
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The relaxation kinetics and transition mechanisms of the sphere-to-rod and rod-to-sphere transitions occurring in polystyrene- b -poly(acrylic acid) (PS- b -PAA) aggregates have been examined using solution turbidity measurements and transmission electron microscopy. The copolymer PS 310 - b -PAA 52 has been found to self-assemble into aggregates with spherical, rodlike, and vesicular shapes in dioxane−water mixtures. Recently, the morphological phase diagram for this ternary system was constructed in order to determine the concentration boundaries associated with each aggregate architecture and the regions of morphological coexistence. 1 It had previously been found that a sudden alteration of the solvent composition near one of these boundaries could induce a morphological transition. 2 This approach has been used to investigate the kinetics and mechanisms of the sphere-to-rod and rod-to-sphere transitions. The transformation of spherical micelles to rodlike aggregates occurs through a two-step mechanism; it begins with the fast, adhesive collisions of spheres resulting in the formation of irregular “pearl necklace” intermediate structures. This is followed by the reorganization of the necklace intermediates to form smooth rods. The rod-to-sphere transition also involves two steps. A bulb develops quickly on one or both ends of the rod, and then the bulbs are slowly pinched off to release free spheres in solution. The sphere-to-rod transition occurs at comparable rates to the reverse process. The effect of the jump magnitude, the initial solvent content, and the copolymer concentration on the relaxation rates was also investigated.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".