Enantioseparation of racemic mandelic acid by simulated moving bed chromatography using Chiralcel‐OD column
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The chiral separation of the racemic mandelic acid ((R,S)‐MA) by simulated moving bed chromatography with columns packed with Chiralcel‐OD stationary phase is investigated experimentally and numerically. The transport dispersion model combined with the modified Langmuir isotherm was applied to predict the dynamic behaviour and separation performance of the SMB process. The Triangle Theory was used to obtain the complete separation region of the SMB operation. The influences of the switching time, loading, extract flow rate and column configuration on the SMB performance were also studied. The online monitoring system consisting of circular dichroism (CD) and UV detector in series was employed to measure the composition and purity of the extract and raffinate streams. Good agreement between the experimental data and model predictions proved the efficiency and reliability of SMB modelling and the Triangle theory in the design and operation of SMB chromatography. Experimental results show that purity and recovery at extract and raffinate port can reach 99% although not at the same time.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".