A Wideband Omnidirectional Horizontally Polarized Antenna for 4G LTE Applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An innovative wideband omnidirectional horizontally polarized (HP) antenna is presented for 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) wireless communication and networking systems. The proposed planar antenna consists of four pairs of flag-shaped radiators, a balun for balance-unbalance transformation, and four parasitical strips for bandwidth enhancement. Such a design enables in-phase and axially symmetric current flowing along the radiators. The measurements show that the proposed HP antenna exhibits a relative bandwidth of 41% with the return loss greater than or equal to 10 dB; it covers the frequency band of 1.76-2.68 GHz, including PCS, UMTS/LTE, Bluetooth, ISM, and WLAN bands. With an omnidirectional radiation pattern in E-plane, the proposed antenna has a peak gain of 3.6-4.2 dBi across the operational band and a radiation efficiency of 83%. The low profile and compact design, along with the omnidirectional radiation pattern, makes it ideal for ceiling or surface-mounted indoor and automobile 4G applications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".