Large‐Scale Synthesis and Characterization of TiO<sub>2</sub>‐Based Nanostructures on Ti Substrates
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Na 2 Ti 6 O 13 nanoplates, nanowires, and continuous nanowire network films are hydrothermally formed on a large scale directly on Ti substrates for the first time. The morphology of the formed Na 2 Ti 6 O 13 nanostructures can be easily tuned by varying the experimental parameters of temperature, reaction duration, and the NaOH concentration. Our study demonstrates that the synthesized Na 2 Ti 6 O 13 nanostructures are easily converted into H 2 Ti 3 O 7 nanostructures—a desirable precursor for the fabrication of various TiO 2 ‐based nanomaterials—with shape preservation, by an ion‐exchange process. Anatase, a mixture of anatase and rutile, and rutile TiO 2 nanowires are formed when the H 2 Ti 3 O 7 nanowires are annealed at 450, 600, and 750 °C, respectively. The optical properties and the photocatalytic activity of H 2 Ti 3 O 7 nanowires and of the TiO 2 ‐based nanomaterials are also addressed. The approach described in this study provides a simple and novel method for the large‐scale synthesis of various TiO 2 ‐based nanostructured materials that grow directly on Ti substrates and are ready for a wide range of practical applications, such as the photodegradation of wastewater.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it