A Novel Method of Expressing Left Ventricular Mass Relative to Body Size in Children
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (LVH) in children is widely defined as a left ventricular mass index (LVMI, g/m(2.7)) >95th percentile. However, LVMI increases with decreasing height in young children; thus, the 95th percentile LVMI will depend on the height distribution of the reference population. The objective of this study was to compare the performance of a novel method of expressing LV mass relative to body size (centile curves) with the LVMI method. METHODS AND RESULTS: LV mass was estimated by M-mode echocardiography in 440 healthy nonobese reference children (birth to 21 years) and 239 children at risk for LVH; the LVMI was calculated for all children. Three samples of 270 children, each with different height distributions, were drawn from the reference population. A sample-specific 95th percentile LVMI was determined for each reference sample. At-risk children were classified as having LVH or not based on each sample-specific 95th percentile. Four LV mass-for-height centile curves were constructed with the Cole lambda-mu-sigma method and data from each reference sample. At-risk children were each assigned an LV mass-for-height percentile with these curves and were reclassified as having LVH if LV mass-for-height was >95th percentile. The centile method provided a stable estimate of the proportion of at-risk children with LVH regardless of reference group, whereas proportion estimates varied significantly depending on the reference population when the LVMI method was used. CONCLUSIONS: LV mass-for-height centile curves are superior to LVMI as a method of normalizing LV mass to body size in children.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it