Isotopic quantum effects in the structure of liquid ethanol
Bibliographic record
Abstract
High-energy electromagnetic-radiation-scattering techniques have been used to measure the structural differences between five isotopic samples of ethanol (CH 3 CH 2 OH, CD 3 CD 2 OD, CD 3 CH 2 OH, CH 3 CH 2 OD, and CH 3 CD 2 OH) at room temperature and ambient pressure. The differences in the X-ray structure factors between several pairs of isotopes, ΔS X (Q), are shown to have maximum amplitudes that are on the order of a few percent compared to the total structure factor for CH 3 CH 2 OH. Our uncertainties are an order of magnitude smaller than those of early gamma-ray measurements on methanol (C.J. Benmore and P.A. Egelstaff. J. Phys. Condens. Matter, 8, 9429 (1996)). These studies have shown that isotopic structural differences in room-temperature ethanol vary as a function of substitution site and are in qualitative agreement with similar differences found in liquid methanol. PACS Nos.: 61.20-p, 61.25E, 61.10-E
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".