Bibliographic record
Abstract
Basic proximity problems for low-dimensional point sets, such as closest pair (CP) and approximate nearest neighbor (ANN), have been studied extensively in the computational geometry literature, with well over a hundred papers published (we merely cite the survey by Smid [10] and omit most references). Generally, optimal algorithms designed for worst-case input require hierarchical spatial structures with sophisticated balancing conditions (we mention, for example, the BBD trees of Arya et al., balanced quadtrees, and Callahan and Kosaraju's fair-split trees); dynamization of these structures is even more involved (relying on Sleator and Tarjan's dynamic trees or Frederickson's topology trees). In this note, we point out that much simpler algorithms with the same performance are possible using standard, though nonalgebraic, RAM operations. This is interesting, considering that nonalgebraic operations have been used before in the literature (e.g., in the original version of the BBD tree [2], as well as in various randomized CP methods). The CP algorithm can be stated completely in one paragraph. Assume coordinates are positive integers bounded by U = 2 w. Given a point p in a constant dimension d where the i-th coordinate p i is the number p iw p i0 in binary, dene its shue (p) to be the number p 1w pdw p 10 p d0 in binary, and dene shifts i (p) = (p 1 + bi2
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.016 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.011 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.018 | 0.007 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".