Active migration of wild Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolt through a coastal embayment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 355:235-246 (2008) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07239 Active migration of wild Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolt through a coastal embayment Richard D. Hedger1,*, François Martin1, Daniel Hatin2, François Caron3, Fred G. Whoriskey4, Julian J. Dodson1 1Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1K 7P4, Canada 2Direction de la Recherche sur la Faune, Ministère des Ressources Naturelles et de la Faune du Québec, Longueil, Québec J4K 2T5, Canada 3Direction de la Recherche sur la Faune, Ministère des Ressources Naturelles et de la Faune du Québec, Jonquière, Québec G7X 8L6, Canada 4Atlantic Salmon Federation, PO Box 5200, St. Andrews, New Brunswick E5B 3S8, Canada *Email: richard.hedger@bio.ulaval.ca ABSTRACT: Migration patterns of wild Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolt were examined in a coastal embayment in the Gaspé peninsula of Québec, Canada. Twenty-four smolt in 2005 and 30 in 2006 were tagged with coded ultrasonic transmitters, and their migration throughout the bay was monitored using an array of fixed VR2 hydrophone receivers. Migration patterns were complex, with some smolt taking a direct route through the coastal embayment and others repeatedly changing direction over short spatial and temporal scales. Migration was mainly an active process with an overall outward (seaward) migration in the face of an inward residual circulation. Swimming direction was mainly outward during nocturnal inflowing currents but was more dispersed during daytime and nocturnal outflowing currents; swimming speed was greater during daytime than during nighttime. This pattern was consistent with smolt migrating offshore nocturnally and using daytime for prey detection and predator avoidance. Salinity had a strong effect: exposure to more saline waters caused increased swimming speeds. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that smolt exploit an innate compass to maintain a preferred bearing and that the speed and direction of swimming is controlled by salinity and the diurnal cycle. KEY WORDS: Salmon smolt migration · Current flow · Salinity gradient · Orientation ·Diurnal migration Full text in pdf format PreviousNextCite this article as: Hedger RD, Martin F, Hatin D, Caron F, Whoriskey FG, Dodson JJ (2008) Active migration of wild Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolt through a coastal embayment. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 355:235-246. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07239 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 355. Online publication date: February 26, 2008 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; Online ISSN: 1616-1599 Copyright © 2008 Inter-Research.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".