Histopathology of Callus and Germinating Seeds of <i>Arceuthobium tsugense</i> subsp. <i>tsugense</i> Infected by <i>Cylindrocarpon cylindroides</i> and <i>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Two fungi that parasitize western hemlock dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium tsugense subsp. tsugense), Cylindrocarpon cylindroides and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, were evaluated for their virulence on germinating seeds and callus grown in vitro. Mistletoe seeds were germinating on Harvey’s tissue culture medium in one‐half of a petri plate, while the other half contained water agar on which fungal growth was initiated from a mycelial plug. Callus tissue was initiated on Harvey’s medium or modified White’s medium and challenged with fungi on Harvey’s medium (C. cylindroides) or modified White’s medium (C. gloeosporioides) because fungal growth rates were found to be moderate on these media. At 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 7 d postcontact with fungi, mistletoe tissues were investigated by light microscopy. In seeds, both endosperm and radicle were colonized, and cushion development, cell wall degradation, and intercellular and intracellular colonization were evident with both fungi. Both fungi inhibited callus growth, degraded cell wall, and colonized inter‐ and intracellular spaces. Cells infected with C. cylindroides were disorganized and plasmolyzed. The in vitro screening method developed in this study was useful to elucidated host‐pathogen interactions and showed that C. cylindroides was more virulent in colonizing dwarf mistletoe tissues than C. gloeosporioides.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".